The spread of printing is one of the most important achievements of cultural exchanges among all ethnic groups in the world. Only with the possibility of printing can produce a large number of books. Only in this way can we provide favorable conditions for popularizing culture and disseminating knowledge. China's invention of printing is a matter of world culture. Great contribution.
One, North Korea
North Korea was one of the first countries to receive printing in China. Because of the connection between the two countries, the friendly exchanges between the two peoples have already begun. In the 7th century AD, North Korea often sent overseas students to study in China. When returning home, they often took away a large number of books. Even engravings were imported into North Korea as gifts or commodities. They also learned a lot of craftsmanship in China. So they used the good papers and ink of their country's specialties to imitate China to print and print books.
The earliest printed books in North Korea are mainly Buddhist classics. From 1011 to 1082 (2nd year of Goryeo Dynasty to 36th year of Emperor Wenzong), the “Kan Tripitaka†was engraved with a total of 6,000 volumes. It was called the Treasure of Goryeo. This version of the scripture was burned when the Mongolians invaded North Korea in 1232. It was re-carved in 1237, a total of 6791 volumes. This scripture edition has been repaired several times by the later generations and has been preserved until now. It is preserved in the Haeinsa Temple in North Korea and is the famous "Korea Tripitaka".
In addition to the use of Chinese engraving and printing, North Korea also uses movable type printing. In 1234, Cui Yi printed 28 (detailed rites) in the form of a cast. This is the world's first printed metal movable type, and the 1298 printing of the "Qing Shou-Shun Zong Zong Xin Fa Men" is known as the world's oldest metal movable type. North Korea also used wood type printing books. By the middle of the 15th century, the Koreans invented the type of copper to replace wood type. This is a great creation of the Korean people. The "Tongjian Outline" printed in 1436 was the earliest type script in the world. It also created the “West Po Collection†printed in iron type and pushed the printing process forward.
Second, Japan
Japan and China had very early contacts. In 285 AD, there were 10 volumes of the Chinese classic Confucian Analects, and 1 volume of “Thousand Characters†was officially transmitted to Japan. Later, it was introduced into China by Buddhism. In the 7th century, Japan began to learn from China. The upsurge has sent envoys, monks, and students to China to study and absorb Chinese culture. When they returned to China, they brought with them many items such as bronze mirrors, knives, rulers, brush pens, ink cartridges, etc., and also brought back printed books.
The exact time for the introduction of Chinese printing into Japan was different. According to legend, Japan’s Bao Turk had printed “Infinity Purity Fundamental Dhauloni†in the first year of 770 AD. One million volumes were collected in one million small towers and placed in the 10 largest monasteries, which are still preserved. It is said that this was done by Chinese craftsmen in Japan. However, there is no documented record that there are no vintages on the prints. The earliest engravings that can be tested in Japan are printed in 1088 (the 2nd year of Japanese Kanji era). "A Theory of Consciousness," which is the product of Japan's Song edition, the successor to Japan.
In 1597, Japan also used wood type characters to print "Knowledge to Promote Scholarship" and copper type prints "To Govern a Book," which was introduced by North Korea.
Third, Vietnam
Historical and cultural relations between Vietnam and China are relatively long. There are many contacts between the two countries. The envoys to China have asked to buy various books and medicinal materials. The envoys returning to China have brought back full boxes of books, and Chinese books have been passed down to Vietnam. China's embossed "Great Tripitaka" and "Taoist Scriptures" have been given away from Vietnam. Vietnam's early prints were related to Buddhism. As for the oldest recorded material in Vietnam's history, it was a logbook of woodprint printing from 1251 to 1268. The official printing was the “Four Books Encyclopedia†carved and printed in 1435. By 1467, the “Five Books†was reprinted, so that Chinese books were Vietnam published.
In the early 18th century AD, Vietnam also used wood type printing. The Legend of Manchu, which was published in 1712, is said to be the earliest type of living script. In 1855, it also bought the wooden movable type printing from China, which was a code example of the Jining Dayan Conference. It can be seen that Vietnamese movable type printing was also transmitted from China.
Fourth, Southeast Asia
Around the 14th century AD, China and the Philippines had sailed for business. The Philippine monks once brought back many Chinese books, including history, geography, statistics, law, medicine, and religion. The first printed book with definitive proof in the Philippines is the Chinese text and the Taiglo text in Chinese in 1593 written by the Chinese Catholic John Vila in the city of Manila. It is said that there were 8 Chinese lettering workers who were operating the printing industry in the Philippines. Chinese printers printed books including Chinese, Spanish, and Da Gros. After 1610, the Philippines had its own lettering workers, so the Philippines The printing business was undoubtedly initiated by the Chinese lettering workers.
Countries in Southeast Asia such as Chenla (present-day Cambodia), Siam (nowadays Thailand), Java, Old Port (in present-day Indonesia), etc., all received printed materials donated by China in the 14th century, such as the almanac and the Ming Dynasty. The banknote “Damingbao Banknoteâ€, especially in 1404, Ming Cheng’s ancestral priest gifted 10,000 copies of “Lady Biography†to overseas countries. Siam once received 100 copies, and Chinese prints were directly transmitted to these countries, causing local people to The interest in printing has inspired them to engage in the printing industry.
V. Iran
In the history of our country, Iran is called Rest and Persia. From the 2nd century BC to the 6th century BC, there were friendly exchanges and economic and cultural exchanges through the “Silk Road.†China’s paper and banknotes were also introduced into Persia. The Persians were familiar with Chinese printing techniques and used to emulate Chinese printing. Banknotes, so in the process of the spread of Chinese printing to the west, the notes have a great influence. In 1294, Persian Tabriz used prints of engravings to imprint paper money on the basis of the Yuanzhibao notes of the Yuan Dynasty in China. Chinese characters and Arabic were printed on them. In 1310 Persian historian Rashiddin was in "World History." The detailed descriptions of Chinese engraving and printing techniques have proved that Persians are known to print from China.
The Persians love Islam. They are not willing to print the name of God in the Koran by printing. Therefore, although the Persians know about printing, they have not printed any books, and thus they have not developed the printing business.
Persia was the transportation hub between East and West at that time. Many European businessmen were in Persia. Europeans came to China to get to Persia. Europeans used Persia to realize the significance, function, and craft of printing. Therefore, in the West of Chinese printing, Persia is a medium
Station.
Sixth, Europe
The Chinese prints first seen by Europeans were notes of the Yuan dynasty. They felt that using paper instead of gold and silver was a very strange thing. The Europeans who had been to China in the 13th and 14th centuries were raw materials, shapes and sizes of the Yuan dynasty banknotes. , currency value, text, 玺
Printing, exchange, circulation, etc., have all been described. For example, Marco Polo, an Italian traveler, travelled several times in China and lived in Beijing for several years. After returning to China, he wrote detailed notes in the “Marco Polo Travels†and used these travelers to print Knowledge is very natural to bring to Europe. In the Crusades' crusade, the Crusaders brought from the East many things that Europe did not have. The prints included cards, prints, images, and so on. Many historians pointed out that the Crusades brought back Eastern engravings to Europe.
At the end of the 14th century, Europe began to have woodblock printing icons and carved prints of cards. The earliest printed documents with the actual date were the 1434 woodcut Saint Krisdorff (Figure 1 to 6), which is a product of southern Germany. Europeans developed from print painting to printed engraving books in the 1940s. In the printing method, it is also to sculpt the text or picture of the Yang Wen on the wooden board, ink on it, then spread the paper, and brush the brush to form a printed page. This is exactly the same as the Chinese printing method. The printed pages are also single-sided, one page is printed on two pages, and then folded. Like Chinese books, this proves that: European engraving printing was produced under the influence of the East, in terms of technical characteristics. It is the same as China.
Figure 1-6 Photograph of woodcut Saint-Krisdolph
The spread of printing is one of the most important achievements of cultural exchanges among all ethnic groups in the world. Only with the possibility of printing can produce a large number of books. Only in this way can we provide favorable conditions for popularizing culture and disseminating knowledge. China's invention of printing is a matter of world culture. Great contribution.
One, North Korea
North Korea was one of the first countries to receive printing in China. Because of the connection between the two countries, the friendly exchanges between the two peoples have already begun. In the 7th century AD, North Korea often sent overseas students to study in China. When returning home, they often took away a large number of books. Even engravings were imported into North Korea as gifts or commodities. They also learned a lot of craftsmanship in China. So they used the good papers and ink of their country's specialties to imitate China to print and print books.
The earliest printed books in North Korea are mainly Buddhist classics. From 1011 to 1082 (2nd year of Goryeo Dynasty to 36th year of Emperor Wenzong), the “Kan Tripitaka†was engraved with a total of 6,000 volumes. It was called the Treasure of Goryeo. This version of the scripture was burned when the Mongolians invaded North Korea in 1232. It was re-carved in 1237, a total of 6791 volumes. This scripture edition has been repaired several times by the later generations and has been preserved until now. It is preserved in the Haeinsa Temple in North Korea and is the famous "Korea Tripitaka".
In addition to the use of Chinese engraving and printing, North Korea also uses movable type printing. In 1234, Cui Yi printed 28 (detailed rites) in the form of a cast. This is the world's first printed metal movable type, and the 1298 printing of the "Qing Shou-Shun Zong Zong Xin Fa Men" is known as the world's oldest metal movable type. North Korea also used wood type printing books. By the middle of the 15th century, the Koreans invented the type of copper to replace wood type. This is a great creation of the Korean people. The "Tongjian Outline" printed in 1436 was the earliest type script in the world. It also created the “West Po Collection†printed in iron type and pushed the printing process forward.
Second, Japan
Japan and China had very early contacts. In 285 AD, there were 10 volumes of the Chinese classic Confucian Analects, and 1 volume of “Thousand Characters†was officially transmitted to Japan. Later, it was introduced into China by Buddhism. In the 7th century, Japan began to learn from China. The upsurge has sent envoys, monks and students to China to study and absorb Chinese culture. When they returned to China, they brought with them many items such as bronze mirrors, knives, rulers, writing brushes, ink sticks, etc., and also brought back printed books.
$(function(){ $("#article img").attr("style","display: block;margin: 0 auto;"); })
1. All texts, pictures, audio and video presentations of “Source: China Packaging Network†are marked on this website, and the copyright is exclusively owned by “China Packaging Networkâ€. If you need to reprint, please indicate the source. Any media, website, or individual must indicate "source: China Packaging Network" when reprinting. Violators of this site will be held accountable according to law.
2. The manuscript reproduced and noted by other sources is intended to convey more information for readers and does not imply endorsement of its views or the authenticity of its contents. When other media, websites, or individuals re-publish from this site, they must retain the source of the manuscript noted in this site, and must not arbitrarily tamper with the origin of the manuscript and take legal responsibility.
3. If the reprinted version of this website involves copyright issues, please contact China Packaging Network immediately or by email.
Contact information
×
Welcome, '+oauth_user+' | Bind account | Logout Login' : 'Welcome to your visit| Please login| Wechat login| Free registration| Forgot your password?'; $('#destoon_member').html(destoon_member); $(' #destoon_cart').html(destoon_cart ? ' '+destoon_cart+'' : 0); $(function(){$("img").lazyload();});/*$('#back2top').click (function() { $("html, body").animate({scrollTop:0}, 200); });*/ function scrollx(p) { var d = document, dd = d.documentElement, db = d .body, w = window, o = d.getElementById(p.id), ie6 = /msie 6/i.test(navigator.userAgent), style, timer; if (o) { cssPub = ";position:"+ (pf&&!ie6?'fixed':'absolute')+";"+(pt!=undefined?'top:'+p.t+'px;':'bottom:0;'); if (pr != Undefined && pl == undefined) { o.style.cssText += cssPub + ('right:'+p.r+'px;'); } else { o.style.cssText += cssPub + ('margin-left: '+p.l+'px;'); } if(pf&&ie6){ cssTop = ';top:expression(documentElement.scrollTop +'+(pt==undefined?dd.clientHeight-o.offsetHeight:pt)+'+ "px" );'; cssRight = ';right:expression(documentElement.scrollright + '+(p r==undefined?dd.clientWidth-o.offsetWidth:pr)+' + "px")'; if (pr != undefined && pl == undefined) { o.style.cssText += cssRight + cssTop; } else {o.style.cssText += cssTop; } dd.style.cssText +=';background-image: url(about:blank);background-attachment:fixed;'; }else{ if(!pf){ w. Onresize = w.onscroll = function() { clearInterval(timer); timer = setInterval(function(){ // double select dd.scrollTop is 0 in order to fix xhtml resolution in chrome var st = (dd.scrollTop||db. scrollTop),c; c = st - o.offsetTop + (pt!=undefined?pt:(w.innerHeight||dd.clientHeight)-o.offsetHeight); if(c!=0){ o.style.top = o.offsetTop + Math.ceil(Math.abs(c)/10)*(cPaper Handkerchiefs,Handkerchief Paper,Standard Pocket Tissue ,Soft Paper Handkerchief
BODA ENTERPRISE LIMITED , https://www.bodapaper.com