Recently, the "2016 Global Most Publicly Concerned Scientific Achievements" developed by the Institute of Strategic Intelligence of the Science and Technology Strategy Consulting Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences selected five astronomy and astrophysics, physics, chemistry, earth science, and life science through measurement statistics. The scientific achievements that are highly concerned by the scientific and technological circles in the disciplines, and the scientific achievements that the Chinese researchers participate in in each subject TOP30 are concerned by the public, providing scientific and technological workers with the latest scientific research hotspots, and discovering the latest developments and development directions in this field. . The report data was selected from 68 high-quality journals selected in 2016 based on the Nature Index to ensure the authority of the journal.
The following are the top ten results of the chemistry major that are most concerned by the public and are shared with you.
Wrinkle, moisturizer, skin material to the eye bags
Paper Title: An elastic second skin
Doi: 10.1038/NMAT4635
Journal: Nature Materials
Altmetrics index: 2272
Everyone wants the skin to stay young, but as you get older, wrinkles will still appear on the face. Professor Robert Langer of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and others invented a new type of polymer film material that resembles the human "second skin" and has the effect of slowing wrinkles. Applying this material to the eye bags can effectively alleviate the degree of eye bags and last for 24 hours. The material also has good moisture retention and elasticity, as well as biosafety. In the future, this material may be used in the treatment of skin diseases and skin beauty.
Can eat plastic bacteria
Title of the paper: A bacterium that degrades and assimilates poly(ethylene terephthalate)
DOI: 10.1126/science.aad6359
Journal: Science
Altmetrics Index: 1949
Although plastics bring convenience to people's lives, their difficult to degrade characteristics also bring serious environmental problems. Scientists at Kyoto University of Technology Fiber and Keio University have discovered a microbe that can degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a common plastic used in beverage packaging. Compared to degradation methods that typically require high temperatures and pressures, the microbes only need to degrade PET to terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol monomers using two enzymes at 30oC.
The world's first fully self-driven software robot
Thesis title: An integrated design and fabrication strategy for entirely soft, autonomous robots
DOI: 10.1038/nature19100
Journal: Nature
Altmetrics index: 1449
Traditional robots are mostly made of rigid materials, and existing flexible robots cannot escape the hard control system and energy supply system. Harvard scientists have produced the world's first fully software-based and self-driven robot with oxygen generated by hydrogen peroxide catalytic decomposition and a self-feedback microfluidic control system. It looks like a small octopus, requiring no power and external control. Control the arm to run for 4 to 8 minutes. The core components of the entire system, such as pneumatic transmission networks, fuel depots, catalytic reaction chambers, etc., are produced by 3D printing. Its integrated design and fabrication method makes it possible to program multi-materials in this structure, laying the foundation for a fully software-autonomous robot.
Graphene + plasticine = super sensor
Paper Title: Sensitive electromechanical sensors using viscoelastic graphene-polymer nanocomposites
DOI: 10.1126/science.aag2879
Journal: Science
Altmetrics index: 1187
Graphene has become one of the hottest materials today due to its excellent physical and chemical properties. Scientists at Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, use graphene and viscoelastic silicone (commonly known as plasticine) to produce an extremely sensitive electromechanical sensing material that detects slight distortion and shock. It can even detect the movement of spiders. This material can be used to make sensors that detect the pulse and blood pressure of the human body.
Multi-functional wearable health sensors come out one after another
Title: (1) Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis; (2) A wearable chemical-electrophysiological hybrid biosensing system for real-time health and fitness monitoring
DOI: (1)10.1038/nature16521; (2)10.1038/ncomms11650
Journal: Nature; Nature Communications
Altmetrics index: (1) 1030; (2) 1024
Flexible wearable sensors are emerging. By monitoring the metrics in real time and sending the data to mobile phones, computers or smart devices, the wearer can keep abreast of his or her health. Scientists at the University of California, Berkeley have prepared wearable sensors that can analyze many human blood biochemical indicators in real time, including sodium, potassium, lactate and glucose in sweat. They can be used for dehydration, muscle spasm and even diabetes. Alerts such as conditions. Scientists at the University of California, San Diego, designed and manufactured a wearable patch that records ECG signals in real time and tracks the level of lactic acid in the myocardial damage chemical marker, which is expected to be used for athletes' training monitoring and doctors to monitor heart disease patients.
The most complex and strong 8-cross molecular knot to date
Title of paper: Braiding a molecular knot with eight crossings
DOI: 10.1126/science.aal1619
Journal: Science
Altmetrics Index: 880
In geometry, a kink is a closed curve that does not intersect itself in three dimensions. More than 6 billion different kinks are known in nature, but humans have so far only successfully synthesized three kinks using small molecules. David A. Leigh, a chemist at the University of Manchester in the UK, successfully synthesized the fourth molecular knot, the 819 kink. The 819 kinks have 8 crossovers, containing 192 atoms and a width of about 20 nanometers, which is chiral. This is by far the most complex and strong artificial molecular knot. This breakthrough is of great significance for weaving more complex molecular knots and studying molecular knots at the molecular level.
The conversion efficiency of bionic leaf CO2 is 10 times higher than that of natural photosynthesis
Paper Title: Water splitting-biosynthetic system with CO2 reduction efficiencies exceeding photosynthesis
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf5039
Journal: Science
Altmetrics index: 774
As one of the most important chemical reactions in nature, photosynthesis has always attracted the interest of researchers, and humans have been trying to simulate photosynthesis. Researchers at Harvard University and Nanyang Technological University in Singapore have jointly developed an artificial photosynthetic system that converts carbon dioxide and water into liquid fuels with a conversion efficiency of 9.7%, which is 10 times more efficient than natural plant photosynthesis (1%).
Direct conversion of CO2 to fuel using solar energy
Title: Nanostructured transition metal dichalcogenide electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction in ionic liquid
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf4767
Journal: Science
Altmetrics Index: 739
The conversion and utilization of greenhouse gas CO2 is a common concern in all countries of the world. Scientists at the University of Illinois at Chicago and the Argonne National Laboratory have jointly designed a new type of solar cell that directly converts atmospheric carbon dioxide into syngas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide). The design has both environmental and economic values, which not only slows the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, but also generates important syngas for chemical raw materials.
The first protein that catalyzes the formation of C-Si bonds
Title: Directed evolution of cytochrome c for carbon-silicon bond formation: Bringing silicon to life
DOI: 10.1126/science.aah6219
Journal: Science
Altmetrics Index: 709
Silicon and carbon are rich in elements on Earth, but the existence of silicon-carbon bonds has never been found in nature. Researchers at the California Institute of Technology have achieved this phenomenon that has not occurred in natural evolution by modifying enzymes in bacteria. They discovered a cytochrome c protein from the thermotolerant bacterium Rhodothermus marinus. By direct evolution of the protein (three mutations), the carbene insertion reaction of the silicon-hydrogen bond can be catalyzed to form a silicon-carbon bond. This result is of great significance in linking the two synthetic fields of biosynthesis and chemical synthesis.
Silkworm spit out more solid silk doped with nano-carbon
Paper Title:Feeding Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes or Graphene to Silkworms for Reinforced Silk Fibers
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03597
Journal: Nano Letters
Altmetrics Index: 709
China has been a big country for sericulture since ancient times. The land passage between ancient China and the West was called the Silk Road. Scientists at Tsinghua University combine ancient sericulture technology with fashionable carbon nanotubes and graphene. It is found that by feeding silkworms with mulberry leaves containing carbon nanotubes and graphene, stronger silk fibers can be obtained, ductility and tensile strength. The strength is remarkably improved, and the carbonization by high temperature heating can also significantly improve the electrical conductivity.
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Every year, important media in the chemical field will rush to introduce important research results in the chemical and chemical industry. In the past 2016, the important research results in the field of chemistry are worthy of attention. I hope that China's chemical industry can also catch up and make a big splash in the chemical industry.
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