Establish a new blood test for kidney failure Patients with renal failure cannot urinate, leading to excessive accumulation of body fluids and accumulation of metabolic waste. Patients must undergo kidney transplantation or frequent dialysis treatment to remove excess fluid and waste. One of these wastes is urea, which is a chemical substance present in urine. Although urea is generally non-toxic, it degrades into more harmful cyanates. Cyanate reacts with the amino acid lysine on blood proteins, creating carbamoyl groups on the surface of these proteins. This carbamylation may inactivate these proteins or may cause them to behave abnormally. Carbamylation is also associated with atherosclerosis and other diseases. Anders Berg and colleagues used mass spectrometry to develop a test method for detecting the albumin carbamylation of blood proteins in two groups of patients with end-stage renal disease. They found that high concentrations of carbamoyl albumin are associated with high concentrations of urea. In addition, the carbamylation of albumin in patients who died within one year after the test was more severe than that of those who lived longer. In mouse experiments, the authors of the article demonstrated that increasing the concentration of amino acids in the blood helps reduce carbamylation. These results suggest that amino acid supplementation therapy may be beneficial in curbing carbamylation of blood proteins in patients with kidney disease
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