Polyester bottle tablets have higher viscosity, lower acetaldehyde content, better crystallinity, heat resistance, weather resistance and dimensional stability, and thus in Coca-Cola bottles, Pepsi bottles, mineral water bottles, juice bottles Food and beverage packaging materials, such as edible oil bottles, have been widely used in the field of materials, and have gradually been applied to the fields of non-food packaging materials such as medicine and cosmetics. In recent years, along with the development of society and economy and the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, polyester bottles have gradually become the preferred material for people. This not only brings huge business opportunities to the upstream manufacturers engaged in the production of PET bottles. Further promote the development of the global polyester industry.
Polyester bottle sheet material is easy to replace traditional packaging materials such as PVC aluminum and glass, and has a very high added value, and its market development potential is great. In recent years, the demand for PET bottles has increased significantly and it has become the fastest growing product in polyesters. With the rapid growth in the production capacity and market demand for PET bottles, it is expected that in the next few years, it will be more than 5%. It is estimated that the global PET bottle chip production capacity will reach over 20 million tons in 2007, and the proportion of total polyester production will also increase from the current 16% to 24%, and with the improvement of people's consumption level and production technology, PET bottles Tablets will be more widely used in food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
Although the world's major PET bottle chip production base is in North America, the major consumer market is in Asia. Taiwan's technology for the development of PET bottle tablets has gradually matured. The newly developed PET bottle tablets have not only replaced conventional glass bottles, but also have Food packaging such as jams, milk powder, etc.; and polyester bottles that are used up can be recycled and added into denim and other fabrics, which are in line with environmental requirements.
The growth rate of European and Asian PET bottles will exceed that of the Americas. It is predicted that the annual demand for PET bottle chips will increase at an average annual rate of 10% in the next five years. Overall, the global PET bottle production capacity Both the output and the market demand have continued to grow, and many manufacturers are very optimistic about the development prospects of PET bottles. Driven by their economic interests, they have already expanded production scale, or have joined the production of PET bottles. In the field of application, the DPRK will also develop more diversified.
According to the market survey, the growth in the use of polyester by 2010 is still very promising. From the perspective of the average annual growth rate, the use of textile fibers remains at 10%, while the use of polyester bottles can reach as high as 19%. In view of the consumption distribution structure, in 2000, fiber consumption accounted for 66% of total polyester polymerization consumption, 25% for polyester bottles, 50% for films, and 40% for others. In 2005, it was 65%. , 25, 4 and 5; in 2010, it increased or decreased to 60, 34, 3, and 4 points. This shows the trend of growth in polyester products in different applications.
In the past 10 years, the annual average growth rate of global PET bottle chip production and consumption has reached more than 20%. In 2005, the global production capacity of polyester bottles was 15.24 million tons/year, of which the consumption of PET bottles for food and beverage packaging was the largest, accounting for 80% of the consumption of the entire PET bottles. The remaining 20% ​​of the consumption was mainly used. Non-food packaging materials such as medicine and daily chemical products. In the PET bottles used for food and beverage packaging, PET bottles for soft drinks consume the most, accounting for about 60% of their total consumption.
In recent years, with the development of society and economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, PET bottles have gradually become the preferred packaging material for people, and they have been increasingly used in food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, daily-use cosmetics and other fields. . This not only brought huge business opportunities to upstream manufacturers engaged in the production of PET bottles, but also further promoted the steady development of the global polyester industry.
First, the global production of PET bottles
Table 1 Production Capacity of Major Bottle-grade Polyester Companies in the World Unit: 10,000 tons/year Company name Company headquarters 2005 2006 2006 World total capacity 1202.7 1319.8 1523.9 1 Wellman USA 219.2 219.7 219.7 2 Voridian US 152.2 152.7 152.7 3 Far East Textile Taiwan 43.5 63.5 127.5 4 Equipolymers Germany 39.0 59.0 123.0 5 Elana Poland 31.3 51.3 115.3 6 Invista US 41.7 54.3 70.1 7 Uniqka Japan 59.0 59.0 59.0 8 South Asia Taiwan 52.9 56.0 56.0 9 Nippon Japan 52.9 56.0 56.0 10 Mitsui Japan 40.5 40.5 40.5 11 Eastman USA 16.2 26.2 58.2 12 DuPont Sha UK 15.1 25.1 57.1 Subtotal 763.5 863.3 1135.1 Ratio % 63.48 65.41 74.49
1. The production of PET bottles in the Asian region of Asia has started late, but it has developed rapidly. In 1998, the production capacity of PET bottles in the region reached 2 million tons/year, which accounted for approximately 28% of the global PET bottle production capacity. In 1999, it reached 2.2 million tons/year, accounting for approximately 30% of the global PET bottle chip production capacity. 2000 It reached 2.4 million tons/year, accounting for 31% of the global PET bottle production capacity. In 2001, it exceeded 3 million tons/year, accounting for approximately 32% of the global PET bottle chip production capacity. In recent years, as the capacity of China's PET bottles has grown to about 3.5 million tons, the capacity in Asia has surpassed that in North America to about 5.5 million tons, making it one of the world's largest polyester bottle chip production and consumption regions.
In 2005, the global production capacity of new PET bottles was approximately 2.2 million tons, which was twice the increase in demand. Among the new polyester production capacity, Asia accounts for the majority, of which the new PET bottle chip production capacity is about 1.6 million tons in 2005, and will increase by 640,000 tons in 2006.
2. In North America, North America is the world's major producer and consumer of PET bottles, and holds a large share of global PET bottle production capacity and output. In recent years, the production capacity and output of PET bottles in North America have reached 3.2-3.5 million tons, accounting for 23% and 25% of the global PET bottle production capacity and production, respectively, becoming the most important PET bottle chip production in the world. Consumption area.
The United States is one of the world’s largest producers and consumers of PET bottles.
In recent years, with the rapid development of the food and beverage packaging market, the demand for the US PET bottle market has continued to grow, especially with the further development of the PET bottle market for beer packaging, to US PET bottle chip manufacturers. Brought more business opportunities. As many US manufacturers are very optimistic about the development prospects of the PET bottle market, driven by huge economic interests, they have joined the ranks of polyester bottle tablets, and some of the earlier manufacturers involved in the production of PET bottle tablets also adopted And the implementation of new projects to continuously expand the production of PET bottles. In particular, Eastman Chemical Co., the largest manufacturer of PET bottles in the United States, not only actively expands the production scale of domestic PET bottles, but also actively invests in the construction of new PET bottle factories abroad.
Second, the global demand for polyester bottle tablets 1, the United States demand for polyester bottle tablets because of its transparency, high strength, versatility and recyclable characteristics, the reason why the PET bottle tablets become consumers favorite packaging materials, enjoy Great success. Few large polymer varieties can have such a high demand growth rate for PET bottles. Even in developed countries, the demand for PET bottles is still growing at a double-digit rate.
The market demand for American PET bottles is approximately 3.1 million tons/year, which is one-third of the world's total consumption. In 2003, the growth rate of demand for PET bottles in North America was 8%. In the 1990s, the growth rate reached double digits. After 2004, the growth rate may slow down by about 1 to 2%, because the US beverage market has reached a saturation point in terms of sales channels.
It is reported that in the summer of 2003, temperatures in the main US soft drink consumption markets in New York led to a slowdown in the consumption of polyester bottle tablets. In 2004, demand growth will improve and the growth rate will reach 8.5%. The increase was from some soft drinks new products that were withdrawn from the summer of 2004, such as Coca-Cola's exit from low carbonated cola, although these new products may swallow other soft drinks in the market. Although the carbonated beverage market in North America is relatively mature, there is still room for growth in the demand for hot canned beverages such as fruit juices.
It is worth mentioning that once there is a breakthrough in the application fields such as beer bottles, the demand for PET bottles still has the potential to recover double-digit growth rates in the coming years. Because the beer bottle market is very large, if the polyester bottle piece takes a 1% share, it means that the average operating rate of the polyester bottle chip device in the United States can be increased by 1%. At present, the main reason for the inability of polyester bottles to enter the beer bottle market on a large scale is technical issues. The PET bottles themselves do not provide good airtightness. Therefore, polyester beer bottles require nylon sandwiches, plasma coatings, or Using PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), these will increase the production cost of the bottle. Therefore, unless the polyester manufacturer produces a single layer of oxygen-blocking material, the production cost of the polyester beer bottle will not be significantly reduced.
Moreover, some polyester industries in the United States have also focused their attention on the aluminum soft cans market, which has an annual output of 60 billion. For the US polyester industry, replacing the 12-ounce aluminum cans is the biggest business opportunity. Because 12-ounce polyester cans have more advantages than aluminum cans, plastic cans are difficult to enter because of the popularity of aluminum cans. If the polyester bottle had its current formulation 30 years ago, it would be impossible for the aluminum can to exist in the soft drink packaging market. Soft drink manufacturers' canning facilities are built around aluminum cans and they don't have much sweeteners to replace with polyester cans. However, the current 12-ounce polyester bottle has achieved some breakthroughs. Although soft drink manufacturers spend a lot of money to build aluminum cans and canned equipment, they tend to use 12-ounce PET bottles for new production capacity. Despite the difficulties, PET bottle tablets will occupy a portion of the aluminum can market every year.
In addition, the traditional applications of PET bottles outside North America are still growing. In particular, higher raw material costs have increased trade between the United States and Asian countries. Historically, Asian polyester producers have the raw material cost advantage, which gives them the opportunity to export PET bottles. However, at present, there is not much difference between their raw material purchase prices and polyester manufacturers in North America.
Although the economy of the American PET bottle market is rising, their situation is not optimistic. For the polyester industry, the good news is that demand growth is good. The bad news is that the industry is too competitive. In the past few years, profits were either not absent or very meager. The fast-growing raw material prices have taken profits from the industry.
2. Demand for PET bottles in Asia In 2004, PET bottles in Asia accounted for 42% of the world's total capacity of 13.2 million tons. On the other hand, compared with the global demand for 10.6 million tons of PET bottles, the market in Asia The demand is only 2.65 million tons. Asia also accounts for 15% of the global surplus. From another perspective, Asia’s current excess capacity accounts for 28% of global demand. After satisfying regional demand, Asia’s surplus supply can supply more than 0.25% of global demand, making the average operating rate of global polyester plants only between 75% and 80%, far below the healthy level.
China's production capacity of PET bottles increased rapidly. In 2005, China increased the production capacity of PET bottles from 1.2 million tons to 3.5 million tons, while China’s domestic demand was only about 1.3 million tons, and the excess capacity reached 2 million tons/year. The film load is only about 60%, and a considerable part of it seeks export digestion. In 2004, the export volume of bottle flakes in China was about 400,000 tons. In 2005, the export volume may be about 600,000 tons. The main reason for excess polyester production capacity is that domestic technology has reduced the investment cost, and the construction process and the increased employment opportunities after the project put into operation have led many Chinese local governments to support the investment in polyester equipment. For polyester manufacturers, the last gleam of hope is the continued rapid growth in demand for bottles.
3. Demand for European PET bottle tablets The average annual growth rate of European PET bottle chip market is expected to be 7-9%. The main driving force is from Central and Eastern Europe where the demand growth rate exceeds 10%, and the growth rate in Western Europe is 5~7%/year. Polyester used for beer bottles seems to be a "sleeping giant" and has not grown significantly in most European countries.
4. Demand for Polyester Bottles in North America and South America North America and South America will maintain their position in the world's largest PET bottle market before 2009. In the next five years, the annual demand for new polyester bottles in these two regions will be approximately 260,000 tons. The growth rate is only 6%, which is lower than the previous level. The main reason is that the US carbonated beverage market will maintain stable or slightly decline in the next few years.
5. Demand for PET bottle tablets in other regions The average annual growth rate in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa is 8%, and the annual new demand is 376,000 tons. The increase in the demand for European PET bottles currently and in the future mainly comes from beer packaging. As the old glass packaging production facilities can not meet the increase in demand, PET bottles become indispensable packaging materials.
In the past five years, the demand for PET bottles has grown faster than the increase in global GDP. In the next five years, the global demand for polyester bottles will increase 2.5 times faster than the growth rate of GDP during the same period, which means that the demand for polyester bottles will increase by about 8.1% between 2004 and 2009. Although this growth rate was lower than the growth rate of more than 10.5% per year in 1999-2004, the global demand for polyester bottle tablets in 2004 reached 10.6 million tons, which is 66% higher than in 1999.
In different regions, Asia has the fastest growth rate, but its share in the global market is still behind the European and American regions. It is estimated that before 2009 in Asia, the annual demand for new PET bottle chips will be 375,000 tons, and the growth rate will be about 11%. In addition to economic growth, the expansion of demand for PET bottles in Asia has also benefited from the excess capacity that has made Asian bottle prices the lowest in the world. The lower per capita consumption also shows the growth potential that cannot be ignored in the region. At present, Asian consumption of PET bottles is less than 1 kg per person. If China and India increase their per capita consumption to 3 kg, the global annual consumption will increase by 8 million tons. The operating rate of Asian PET bottles will also drop from about 75% in the past few years to less than 60% in the next two years. It seems that there is no end to the expansion of the production boom that has led to a surplus of 4.4 million tons of PET bottles in Asia in 2006, while the global demand is less than 13 million tons. The balance of supply and demand in other parts of the world is roughly the same. This will lead to an average global operating rate of about 75% for polyester wafer slicers.
Third, China's recovery of PET bottles market Overview Recycling has now become one of the key words in the plastic industry in China. Under the current conditions, the low level of recovery of most plastic varieties and the low degree of specialization are still indisputable facts. For PET (polyethylene terephthalate), the industry generally believes that used PET, especially beverage bottles and flexible packaging, is expected to be the earliest type of plastics for specialized recycling.
It is understood that since 2000, China's beverage industry has grown at an average annual rate of more than 20%. In 2004, the total output of beverages in China reached 29.12 million tons, an increase of 22.7% over 2003. Experts predict that in the next 15 years, the annual growth rate of China's beverage industry will exceed 15%. The continuous and rapid development of the beverage industry will inevitably lead to a surge in demand for beverage packaging, followed by the production of a large number of PET wastes, including PET bottles and PET flexible packaging, so that PET waste recycling companies have sufficient "raw material" guarantees.
According to experts, at present there are roughly four methods for recycling PET waste. The first is to separate used PET bottles and flexible packaging from common waste plastics and implement separate recycling of PET waste. Special additives such as AP-P-1000 or AP-P-1100 are added during the recycling process to increase the thermal stability and impact strength of the recycled PET material to a level close to the performance of the new PET resin, making it a PET beverage bottle for processing. And other soft packaging materials. The second is to separate the PET waste from the ordinary waste plastics and use it directly for the spinning weaving. For example, Jiangsu Xiake Environmental Color Textile Co., Ltd. will recycle used PET bottles. After cleaning, screening, sorting and crushing, the high-temperature extruded spinnerettes will turn into polyester, then weaving fabrics, and finally make beautiful curtains, underwear, Quilts, sheets, gloves, etc. Third, PET wastes are processed through special processes to make terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. Fourthly, PET waste is mixed with common waste plastics and processed into plastic recycled pellets, which are used as raw materials for low-grade plastic products such as wire drawing and blown film.
Statistics show that in 2004, the demand for PET bottles in Asia reached 2.65 million tons, of which 1.4 million tons in China. This year, China's demand for polyester bottles will reach 1.75 million tons. Of these, polyester used to make various beverage bottles accounted for 80%, 1.4 million tons. Plastic bottles are among the oldest waste items that are most easily separated and recycled. Today, people are picking up used beverage bottles along major tourist attractions, roads and railways. In restaurants, internet cafes and other public places, someone specifically collected used plastic bottles. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Information Industry, in 2004 China had more than 100,000 cyber cafes, which grew at a rate of 5% per year. And a small cyber cafe with hundreds of computers cleans up more than 400 waste plastic bottles every day. According to this assumption, China will only recycle more than 1.5 billion waste PET bottles from Internet cafes each year, with a total of more than 25,000 tons. After the large and medium-sized cities implement the waste classification system, more than 50,000 tons of waste plastic bottles and PET flexible packaging are recycled annually. Moreover, as people's environmental awareness increases, more and more people join the ranks of consciously recycling waste bottles. In many schools where the author is located, students often use breaks or holidays to pick up waste plastic bottles from campuses, streets, parks, plazas, etc., and then sell them at a price of 0.07-0.25 yuan per “tattered kingâ€. Can not find the original waste bottle everywhere.
Therefore, we have reason to believe that the rapid development of the global beverage industry will increase the demand for PET packaging, especially PET bottles, and may generate large amounts of PET waste. However, there is no need to worry that PET waste will cause environmental pollution because of the recycling technology. Due to factors such as market demand, early separation, and other factors, the PET waste recycling industry will not only achieve rapid development, but will also first realize the professional recycling of waste products among all synthetic resins. The relevant data have proved this point. Before 2002, the recycling rate of waste plastic bottles in China was less than 30%. It had risen to 45-60% in 2004 and is expected to reach 70-90% in 2005.
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