Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a well-known problem of electromagnetic compatibility. It can cause electronic devices to malfunction more seriously and damage electronic devices. When semiconductor devices are placed alone or incorporated into circuit modules, they may cause permanent damage to these devices even without power. Components sensitive to electrostatic discharge are called electrostatic discharge sensitive components (ESDS).
If the voltage between two or more pins of a component exceeds the breakdown strength of the component medium, it will cause damage to the component. This is the main reason for the failure of MOS devices. The thinner the oxide layer, the greater the component's sensitivity to electrostatic discharge. The fault usually manifests as a short-circuit phenomenon in which the component itself has a certain resistance to the power supply. For bipolar devices, damage generally occurs in the active metal semiconductor regions separated by a thin oxide layer, which can cause serious leakage paths.
Another type of failure is caused when the temperature of the node exceeds the melting point of semiconductor silicon (1415 ° C). The energy of the electrostatic discharge pulse can generate local heating, so a failure of this mechanism occurs. This failure can occur even if the voltage is lower than the breakdown voltage of the medium. A typical example is that the breakdown between the emitter and the base of the NPN transistor causes a sharp decrease in current gain.
After the device is affected by electrostatic discharge, functional damage may not occur immediately. These potentially damaged components are often referred to as "lames," and once used, will show greater sensitivity to electrostatic discharge or conductive transients that occur later.
It is very important to pay close attention to the damage of the components under the discharge voltage that is not easy to detect. The electrostatic discharge voltage felt by the human body is between 3000 and 5000V, however, the voltage when the component is damaged is only a few hundred volts.
The harmful effects of electrostatic discharge began to be recognized in the 1970s. This is because the development of new technologies has caused components to become more and more sensitive to electrostatic discharge damage. The losses caused by electrostatic discharge can reach several million dollars per year. Therefore, many large-scale component and equipment manufacturers introduce professional technology to reduce the accumulation of static electricity in the production environment, thereby improving the product qualification rate and reliability. Users also understand the importance of preventing electrostatic discharge damage based on their own experience. Therefore, we should pay attention to this item when purchasing large household appliances. Pay attention to check the instructions and certificates of conformity. Otherwise, it is a hidden danger to family members. Under heavy rain and thunder. The best way to cut the power supply of home appliances is to turn off. Just to avoid unnecessary trouble. Regardless of whether it is a household appliance, as long as it is a large machine related to the call, pay attention to this.
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