Packaging material refers to the general term used for the manufacture of packaging containers and packaging and transportation, packaging and decoration, packaging and printing, packaging auxiliary materials, and packaging-related materials. Packaging materials generally include the main packaging materials and auxiliary packaging materials, commonly used paper, metal, wood, plastics, textiles, ceramics, glass, grass, bamboo, rattan, wicker, etc. Among them, plastic and metal materials are the most complex.
Packaging materials occupy an important position in the entire packaging industry and are an important basis for developing packaging technology, improving packaging quality and reducing packaging costs. Therefore, understand the performance, application scope and development trend of packaging materials, reasonably select packaging materials, expand the sources of packaging materials, adopt new packaging materials and new processing technologies, create new packaging containers and packaging techniques, and improve the level and law of packaging technology. Both have important and far-reaching significance.
First, the performance of packaging materials
From the perspective of modern packaging functions, packaging materials should have the following aspects:
(I) Protection performance
Packaging materials should have a certain mechanical strength, adapt to temperature changes, moisture, water, corrosion, UV penetration, heat, cold, light, oil, etc., and they should be no smell, non-toxic, odorless, can protect the interior The quality is good.
(B) Operational performance
Packaging materials should have a certain degree of rigidity, heat sealing and anti-static properties, have a certain degree of finish and plasticity, weldability, easy opening, easy processing, easy filling, easy to divide and so on, suitable for automatic packaging machinery operation, high production efficiency .
(III) Added value performance
Packaging adds value to goods, and good packaging increases the value and use value of goods. In particular, as a sales and packaging material, it is required to have good transparency and surface gloss, so that the appearance and color of the model are beautiful, and display effects are produced so as to increase the value of the goods and the desire of the consumers to purchase.
(d) ease of use of performance
No matter what kind of material is used to package goods, the basic requirement is to facilitate the opening and extraction of the contents, to facilitate re-enclosed, opening performance is good, not easy to break and damage.
(E) Reduce cost performance
The backward packaging not only increases the cost but also fails to achieve the desired effect, so it is undesirable. When selecting the packaging materials and methods for practical applications, in addition to considering the above requirements, it is also necessary to consider the cost savings of packaging materials, packaging machinery and equipment, labor costs, etc., use the most suitable materials, and adopt the most reasonable packaging method. best effect.
(6) Adaptability to the nature of the commodity
Product packaging must be compatible with the nature of the product. Some silk heads, for example, are directly met with customers at the store, while others are processed or finished into the factory. Their packaging should be different. The former should be made more elaborate to highlight the quality characteristics of silk and the latter requires Flat goods do not wrinkle, easy to open, to facilitate the factory processing. Another example is polyurethane polyurethane foam liner technology, is a relatively new scientific and technological achievements, use it to increase the value of goods, to protect the safety of goods, but the use of such packaging needs to be molded one by one, high cost and time, it is only used for packaging Valuable handicrafts and antique porcelain and other valuable arts and crafts, and general arts and crafts, such as wood carvings, ornaments and other use of polyethylene plastic and bubble film packaging is sufficient.
Second, the characteristics and application of the main packaging materials
(a) Paper and cardboard
Paper and paperboard are pillars of traditional packaging materials. They have a large amount of consumption and a wide range of applications. Their output accounts for about 45% of the total output value of the packaging. Paper and cardboard have the following characteristics:
1. With suitable strength, impact resistance and rub resistance.
2. Good sealing, easy to clean.
3. Has excellent formability and folding, easy to use a variety of processing methods, should be mechanized, automated packaging production.
4. Has the best printability, easy to introduce and beautify the goods.
5. The lower price and lighter weight can reduce packaging costs and transportation costs. Easy to handle after use, recyclable reuse and regeneration, no environmental pollution, and resource conservation.
Paper and cardboard also have some fatal weaknesses, such as difficulty in sealing, decreased fastness after moisture, and poor airtightness, moisture resistance, and transparency, which limits their use in packaging applications.
Paper and cardboard made of large packaging containers are mainly cartons, cartons, paper drums, paper bags, paper cans, paper cups, paper trays, etc., are widely used in transport packaging and sales packaging. In paper-based packaging containers, corrugated cartons are used in the largest amount, and their proportion accounts for more than 50%. In transport packaging, corrugated cartons are replacing traditional wooden boxes and are widely used for packaging of general merchandise, household appliances, clothing and footwear, fruits, and vegetables. At present, corrugated boxes are being developed in the direction of standardization of specifications, specialization of functions, reduction of weight, and improvement of compressive strength. Except for corrugated cartons, other paper packaging containers are mostly used for sales packaging, such as packaging for food, medicines, clothing, toys and other daily necessities. The carton can be made into a window type, a swing cover type, a drawer type, a fitting type, and the like, and the surface is decorated to have a better exhibition effect. The drums are strong and durable and can hold granular, blocky, and powdered goods. Paper bags are used in a wide variety of applications. Paper cups, paper trays, and paper cans are disposable food packaging and are widely used because they are inexpensive, lightweight, convenient, and hygienic. Paper cups are generally small containers for cold drinks. The trays are frozen food packages that can be frozen and baked in a microwave oven. The paper cans are made of high-density cardboard with a cylindrical, conical shape and are generally coated to prevent leakage. They are used to hold beverages. Pure paper cans have been replaced by composite cans made of paper, plastic, and aluminum foil. Pulp moulded packaging is a cushioning material made by direct molding and drying of paper pulp, such as moulded egg trays, used for egg packaging, which can greatly reduce the breakage rate during transport.
Reprinted from: Packaging Industry Network
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