After the approval of the State Council and the systematic integration of forestry projects, the State Forestry Administration officially launched six major forestry projects in 2001. Natural forest protection projects and the construction of fast-growing and high-yielding forestry bases in key areas will result in the future consumption of wood and industrial development in China. Important and far-reaching influence. At the same time, as a key breakthrough, with the approval of the State Council, the State Development Planning Commission, the Ministry of Finance, and the State Forestry Administration jointly issued a "Circular on Several Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Raw Material Forest Bases for Papermaking Industry." According to the spirit of the "Notice", the National Planning Commission and the State Forestry Administration are preparing a "National Plan for Papermaking, Raw Material and Forest Bases" based on the "Overall Plan for the Construction of Fast-growing and High-yield Forest Bases in Key Areas". The projects within the plan are expected to receive state funds and policies. Sex loans, financial discounts and taxation, etc., and will adopt appropriate logging management methods and charging policies. This “six major projects and one notice†signifies that China has established a sound forestry ecological system and developed forestry industry system has entered a new historical stage. A series of supporting policies for forestry classification management will soon be introduced. In response to the new situation, we wrote a special report on the fast-growing and high-yield forest, which aims to explore the development bank's situation in the new situation by analyzing the status of China's forest resources, the supply and demand trends in the timber market, and the development opportunities faced by the construction of fast-growing and high-yield forests. Under the overall thinking of supporting the development of fast-growing and high-yield timber forests, the development bank’s credit policy recommendations are proposed.
1. The current status of China's forest resources According to China's latest five (1994 ~ 1998) national forest resources inventory statistics, the country's forest land area of ​​263.095 million hectares, of which forest area of ​​158.94 million hectares, ranking fifth in the world, the forest coverage rate of 16.55%; The total volume of standing timber is 12.49 billion cubic meters, of which forest reserves are 11.27 billion cubic meters, ranking 7th in the world and accumulating 83.86 cubic meters per hectare per unit area. The natural forest area is 106.965 million hectares, accounting for 70% of the existing forest lands, and the natural forest stock volume is 9.07 billion cubic meters, accounting for 90% of the forest reserves. Overall, China's forest resources are dominated by natural forests, and the forest area is among the highest in the world. However, the forest volume per unit area is low. China's forest resources show the following characteristics:
1.1 China has a large absolute amount of forest resources, but the forest coverage rate is low and the per capita occupancy is small. The coverage of forest resources in China, which is a country with a low forest resource, is 16.55%, which is equivalent to 61% of the world's forest coverage rate of 27%; The forest area is only 0.128 hectares, which is 21.3% of the world's average per capita of 0.6 hectares. The per capita forest accumulation is 9.048 cubic meters, which is only 12.6% of the world's average of 72 cubic meters.
1.2 The geographical distribution of forest resources is extremely uneven, the structure of forest age is irrational, and the recoverable resources are insufficient. China's forest resources are mainly distributed in the eastern area east of the annual precipitation 400mm line, and the area accounts for 84% of the total forest area. The environment is extremely fragile and the disasters are frequent. The total area of ​​protective forests in China accounts for only 13.9%, which is difficult to meet the needs of the ecological environment. China's forest resources show a trend of younger age, with young and middle-aged forests accounting for 71% of the forest area, and 41% of stocks. The area between logging and young forests during the fourth and fifth inspection intervals accounts for 78.5 of the total harvested area of ​​the forest. %, harvesting accounted for 57.7% of the total harvest. On the one hand, this kind of forest age structure tends to increase investment demand, and on the other hand, it has insufficient resources to recover. Large-diameter timber shortages will exist for a long time, and over-planned harvesting will continue for a long time.
1.3 The total amount of land used for forestry is relatively insufficient. The National Plan for Ecological Environment Construction determines that the national forest coverage rate will reach and stabilize at 26% by 2050. At present, the country's forest land only accounts for 27.42% of the total land area. Since the utilization rate of forestry land is unlikely to reach 100%, it is impossible to realize the goal of achieving a national forest coverage rate of 26% on the basis of existing forestry land. Returning farmland to forests and increasing the construction of artificial forests are necessary measures to ensure the growth of the forest coverage rate.
1.4 The utilization rate of forest land is not high, and the forest productivity is low. On the one hand, the total amount of forestry land in China is insufficient. On the other hand, the main contradiction is that the utilization rate of forestry land is not high. In recent years, both China's forest area and forest reserves have increased, but the growth rate of reserves is far below the growth rate of the area. The area per unit area of ​​woodland decreased from 70.81 cubic meters per hectare in 1993 to 70.38 cubic meters per hectare in 1998, and the existing artificial forest area was 46.667 million hectares, ranking the first in the world. The area of ​​artificial timber forest was 24.15 million hectares per hectare. The average accumulation is only 34.76 cubic meters, and the average annual growth is less than 4.16 cubic meters, which is far below the level of forestry developed countries. The annual growth is only 15% to 20% in Brazil, New Zealand and Indonesia. It can be seen that for many years China's forestry development has focused more on expanding the area, but it has not paid enough attention to the increase in forest growth, and it has not yet shifted from extensive to intensive development.
1. The current status of China's forest resources According to China's latest five (1994 ~ 1998) national forest resources inventory statistics, the country's forest land area of ​​263.095 million hectares, of which forest area of ​​158.94 million hectares, ranking fifth in the world, the forest coverage rate of 16.55%; The total volume of standing timber is 12.49 billion cubic meters, of which forest reserves are 11.27 billion cubic meters, ranking 7th in the world and accumulating 83.86 cubic meters per hectare per unit area. The natural forest area is 106.965 million hectares, accounting for 70% of the existing forest lands, and the natural forest stock volume is 9.07 billion cubic meters, accounting for 90% of the forest reserves. Overall, China's forest resources are dominated by natural forests, and the forest area is among the highest in the world. However, the forest volume per unit area is low. China's forest resources show the following characteristics:
1.1 China has a large absolute amount of forest resources, but the forest coverage rate is low and the per capita occupancy is small. The coverage of forest resources in China, which is a country with a low forest resource, is 16.55%, which is equivalent to 61% of the world's forest coverage rate of 27%; The forest area is only 0.128 hectares, which is 21.3% of the world's average per capita of 0.6 hectares. The per capita forest accumulation is 9.048 cubic meters, which is only 12.6% of the world's average of 72 cubic meters.
1.2 The geographical distribution of forest resources is extremely uneven, the structure of forest age is irrational, and the recoverable resources are insufficient. China's forest resources are mainly distributed in the eastern area east of the annual precipitation 400mm line, and the area accounts for 84% of the total forest area. The environment is extremely fragile and the disasters are frequent. The total area of ​​protective forests in China accounts for only 13.9%, which is difficult to meet the needs of the ecological environment. China's forest resources show a trend of younger age, with young and middle-aged forests accounting for 71% of the forest area, and 41% of stocks. The area between logging and young forests during the fourth and fifth inspection intervals accounts for 78.5 of the total harvested area of ​​the forest. %, harvesting accounted for 57.7% of the total harvest. On the one hand, this kind of forest age structure tends to increase investment demand, and on the other hand, it has insufficient resources to recover. Large-diameter timber shortages will exist for a long time, and over-planned harvesting will continue for a long time.
1.3 The total amount of land used for forestry is relatively insufficient. The National Plan for Ecological Environment Construction determines that the national forest coverage rate will reach and stabilize at 26% by 2050. At present, the country's forest land only accounts for 27.42% of the total land area. Since the utilization rate of forestry land is unlikely to reach 100%, it is impossible to realize the goal of achieving a national forest coverage rate of 26% on the basis of existing forestry land. Returning farmland to forests and increasing the construction of artificial forests are necessary measures to ensure the growth of the forest coverage rate.
1.4 The utilization rate of forest land is not high, and the forest productivity is low. On the one hand, the total amount of forestry land in China is insufficient. On the other hand, the main contradiction is that the utilization rate of forestry land is not high. In recent years, both China's forest area and forest reserves have increased, but the growth rate of reserves is far below the growth rate of the area. The area per unit area of ​​woodland decreased from 70.81 cubic meters per hectare in 1993 to 70.38 cubic meters per hectare in 1998, and the existing artificial forest area was 46.667 million hectares, ranking the first in the world. The area of ​​artificial timber forest was 24.15 million hectares per hectare. The average accumulation is only 34.76 cubic meters, and the average annual growth is less than 4.16 cubic meters, which is far below the level of forestry developed countries. The annual growth is only 15% to 20% in Brazil, New Zealand and Indonesia. It can be seen that for many years China's forestry development has focused more on expanding the area, but it has not paid enough attention to the increase in forest growth, and it has not yet shifted from extensive to intensive development.
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