Depending on the purpose of the application, the centrifuge is available in both analytical and preparative applications. The ultracentrifuge for analysis can only analyze small samples (less than 1ml) (such as molecular weight measurement); the centrifuge for preparation is designed for the extraction and purification of macromolecular components, and can separate 10~2000ml samples.
The centrifuge for preparation is the most widely used centrifuge. According to its performance, it can be divided into low speed centrifuge (maximum speed not exceeding 10,000 rpm), high-speed centrifuge (high speed 20,000-25,000 rpm) and ultracentrifuge. (Ultracentrifuge, maximum centrifugal force can exceed 5000,000 x g, ie 75,000 rpm, r = 8 cm). Some low-speed centrifuges have cooling devices in the centrifuge chamber; high-speed centrifuges have cooling devices to prevent excessive temperature of the shaft and protect biological samples; all ultracentrifuges have vacuum devices to reduce air and rotor in the centrifuge chamber. Friction. The rotors of high-speed and ultra-centrifuges are marked with the maximum speed. Never exceed this limit during centrifugation. Otherwise, the rotor may be broken, the instrument may be damaged and personal injury may result.
Settling velocity centrifugation
Velosity Sedimentation Centrifugation refers to centrifugation performed with uniform liquid density in a centrifuge tube. The most common method is differential centrifugation, which is a centrifugation method in which a mixture of two or more different substances to be separated is centrifuged at different centrifugal speeds to separate them from each other. For example, separation of subcellular structural components is carried out by differential centrifugation (Table 4-1).
As can be seen from Table 4-1, unbroken eukaryotic cells, cell debris and cells were centrifuged at 4,000 × g for 15 minutes.
It can be precipitated; the supernatant is precipitated by centrifugation at 15,000 x g for 20 minutes. If the supernatant of the mitochondria is removed and centrifuged at 30,000 x g for 30 minutes, the lysosome is precipitated. If the supernatant of the lysosome was removed and centrifuged at 100,000 x g for 3 hours, the ribosomes and polyribosomes could be precipitated. It can be seen that for the precipitation of different subcellular components, the relative factors of centrifugal force and centrifugation time cannot be ignored. If the centrifugal force or the centrifugation time (which must be the same size of the rotor) is required depending on the centrifugal conditions, the same separation purpose should be achieved according to the following formula.
Rpm2 regulations · t regulations = rpm2 new selection · t new selection
Rpm is the speed per minute and t is the time.
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