Emergency treatment of common injuries in the laboratory

1. Trauma: The injured area cannot be touched by hand or washed with water. If it is a glass wound, the broken glass should be picked out from the wound first. Mild wounds can be coated with gentian violet syrup (or red mercury, iodine wine), if necessary, remove some anti-inflammatory powder or apply some anti-inflammatory cream, and bandage.

2. Scald: Do not wash the wound with cold water. When the skin of the wound is not broken, you can apply saturated sodium bicarbonate solution or use sodium bicarbonate powder to make a paste and apply it to the wound. You can also apply badger oil or scald cream; if the wound is broken, you can apply some purple potion Or 1% potassium permanganate solution.

3. Eye burns or falling into foreign objects: Immediately flush with plenty of water for 15 minutes. Do not use dilute acid or alkali. If glass fragments enter the eyes, do not pick them up and do not roll your eyes. Allow to shed tears, if not effective, gently wrap the eye with gauze and rush to the hospital. Other foreign objects can be taken out by others by opening the eyelids and using a sterile cotton swab.

4. Injury caused by acid corrosion: First rinse with plenty of water, then with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (or dilute ammonia water, soapy water), and finally rinse with water. If acid splashes into the eyes, rinse with plenty of water and take to hospital for treatment. However, when concentrated sulfuric acid sticks to the skin, it cannot be washed directly with water, because a lot of heat will be generated and it will burn the skin. It should be treated with boric acid first and then with sodium bicarbonate solution. In severe cases, seek medical attention as soon as possible after treatment.

5. Injury caused by alkali corrosion: First rinse with a large amount of water, then with 2% acetic acid solution or saturated boric acid solution, and finally rinse with water. If alkali splashes into eyes, wash with boric acid solution.

6. Inhalation of irritating or toxic gas: For acidic gas, inhalation can be done by 5% sodium bicarbonate solution; for alkaline gas, it can be inhaled by 3% boric acid solution for medical treatment; inhalation of chlorine and hydrogen chloride gas can be inhaled A small amount of mixed steam of alcohol and ether detoxifies it; when inhaling hydrogen sulfide or carbon monoxide gas and feeling uncomfortable, you should immediately go outside to breathe fresh air. However, it should be noted that artificial respiration is not allowed for chlorine and bromine poisoning; stimulants are not allowed for carbon monoxide poisoning.

7. Toxic entrance: Add 5 ~ 10 ml of dilute copper sulfate solution to a glass of warm water. After oral administration, use your finger to reach the throat to induce vomiting and vomit poison, then immediately send to the hospital.

8. Injury caused by bromine corrosion: Wash the wound with benzene or glycerin, and then wash with water.

9. Burned by phosphorus: It should be rinsed with plenty of water quickly, and then covered with gauze soaked with 1% copper sulfate to make the residual phosphorus form black copper dioxide, and then washed away. It can also be covered with gauze soaked in 25% sodium bicarbonate solution for 2 hours to oxidize phosphorus to phosphoric anhydride. After rinsing, dry gauze is then used. It should be reminded that it is forbidden to wrap with the oil gauze layout, because phosphorus dissolves in oil, which promotes the body to absorb and easily cause systemic poisoning.

10. In benzene poisoning, mild patients exhibit fatigue, headache, dizziness, dry throat, cough, nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, etc .; moderate manifestations of drunkenness, drowsiness, disturbance of consciousness, and even fainting; severe poisoning can cause loss of consciousness, Death from respiratory paralysis. During emergency treatment, immediately transfer the patient to a place with fresh air, change the contaminated clothing, and wash the contaminated skin in time. Inhale oxygen and inject muscle stimulants. Prohibited adrenaline, promptly sent to the hospital for rescue.

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