Introduction
The word Video usually refers to television broadcast programs. Video production called video production, film production called film production, computer animation called computer animation (previously introduced), computer games called video game, the four are different, but there is a common point, that is, there is an active picture. Video production does not necessarily use magnetic tape, but it may also use magnetic disks, memory or other media, but it is not film. There are four TV broadcasters in Hong Kong - Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB), Asian TV, Cable TV and Satellite TV. They make video recordings (planning, shooting and post-video clips) every day, and then they are programmed by the microwave. , satellites, cables, or fiber optics deliver programs to the home.
Picture 1: The basic facilities of the post-production room are
2, Video Mixer
3, Audio Mixer
4, Character Generator
5, Still Store
6, Monitors.
In this issue, the author received a piece of information from a friend who works at TV.
Video production development
After several hard searches of the Internet, he finally found a bit of historical development information on film and video production. The movie certainly took off earlier than the video. The former occurred in 1877 when American photographer Eadward Muybridge took a series of movements of horses through 24 cameras at different times. The latter took place in 1927. A Scottish inventor, John Baird, successfully recorded the video on the CD (see the website provided at the end of this article). A few years later, the United Kingdom and the United States invented television broadcasting, and video production technology has gradually improved. Color TV broadcasting began in the 1970s, and Japan’s development in video technology was also quite successful. Today, many video products were invented and manufactured in Japan.
Figure 3: Digital Video Tape (Component Digital) Used in Professional Digital Video Recorders
Broadcast production usually uses a camera with three CCDs to record red, green, and blue color markers, and each CCD can hold 6MHZ data, so a color screen has 24MHZ data. Because the broadcast bandwidth is only 6MHz, the TV station must compress and send it. Currently, there are three major categories of image compression technology (1) - Wavelets, (2) Fractals, and (3) DCT. DCT is the most commonly used video compression technology today. JPEG (such as digital photos), MPEG (such as VCD, DVD) and DV formats (such as DV, DVCAM, DVCPRO, and Digital-S of commercial or home digital video products are DCT compression technologies.
Note: In addition to VCD and DVD, MPEG is also used in satellite broadcasting, high resolution television and digital television broadcasting.
In the early days of the world, analogies were produced and broadcast programs. Since the 1990s, Europe and the United States have begun to carry out digital forms. Now, some Asian countries such as Japan and Taiwan also use digital methods. Hong Kong government digital TV broadcasting is also proposed that two years after the test this year, and hope that 2007 can be implemented.
Digital Production Vs Analog Production
Globally, digital broadcasting is advocated. Of course, it has more advantages than broadcasting. For details, see the references provided at the end of this article. This section only talks about some differences between digital production and analog production. Digital production basically uses digital equipment, while analog production uses equipment. However, two types of devices are sometimes used in combination, for example, the format needs to be changed to meet the requirements of guests or colleagues. Video production can be divided into three stages - (1) pre-production, (2) filming, and (3) post-production. In pre-production, script writing software may be used to assist in writing scripts or production outlines, but this is not necessary. Shooting requires professional camcorders, recording equipment, and some auxiliary shooting equipment (photometers, lamps, reflectors, and the like). . To post production requires more and advanced equipment. The basic facilities of an Edit Suite are:
Figure 5: Video Mixer
Courtesy Star TV
Figure 6: Digital Audio Mixer Corutesy Star TV
(1) Edit Controller - remote control of other facilities
(2) Video Mixer - responsible for video clips
(3) Audio Mixer - responsible for recording
(4) Character Generator - responsible for subtitles
(5) Picture Box/Store - Responsible for previewing, processing, and storing pictures
(6) Monitors - shows the status of each facility (7) Video Cassette Recorders - responsible for playing or copying videos
Figure 7: Character Generator
Lets you enter text and select words Courtesy StarTV
Figure 8: Still Store
Predict each picture Courtesy Star TV
Other ancillary facilities may be some extra copy machines or computers that can be used for image processing (Figure 9).
Figure 9: Quantel's Paintbox can circle computer graphics on still images Courtesy Star TV
Regardless of analogy or digital production, these are the basic facilities of a post-production studio. Of course, it would be easier and more efficient to work in digital form. There are two types of digital editing: Linear Editing and Nonlinear Editing. There are only linear editing analog clips. NLE (digital necessarily), the clip means staff can increase or decrease without limitation, fragments or video information at any position, nor will the modified anterior or posterior segment information is canceled, or fragments of a blank, not Like the clip editing system, it needs to be brought back to the ideal position for synchronous modification, and the modification will also cover (ie, eliminate) the clip after the insertion point.
Professional or broadcast video production
The use of advanced professional equipment can produce broadcast quality videos. A professional camcorder (Figure 2) not only possesses three high resolution CCDs, but also advanced HD Lens with high quality electronic organization (such as DSP) and other accessories ( Such as a high-quality recording system, it will produce a very high standard; otherwise the manuscript will not be pretty, and post-production will not help. Before compression, the image is 48 MHz or more, and the color depth is usually 30-bit or more; the recording is based on PCM Digital Stereo 12-bit or above, so there is a requirement to go out on the street (ie, broadcast quality, English Online quality).
Digital Production Process for British BBC Radio Programs Copyright©BBC R&D,1999
reference
1"The Guide to Digital Television", published by Michael Silbergleid and Miller Freeman
2
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