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Wood drying treatment is to evaporate the moisture contained in the wood through a certain method, so that it is balanced with the use environment to stabilize its characteristics. Therefore, controlling the moisture in solid wood is the most important job of solid wood manufacturers. Today, our company editor will share with you about how "water" the wood is.
The moisture in wood is divided into three categories: free water, absorbing water and combined water.
Free water refers to the water existing in the cell cavity and the cell gap, also known as capillary water; absorbing water refers to the water existing between the microfibrils of the cell wall, also known as attachment water, absorbing water or bound water; combined water refers to the presence Moisture in the chemical composition of wood.
Free water and absorbed water are the main moisture in wood. Free water is closely related to wood density, burning, drying, and penetration; absorbing water affects the nature of wood; combined water has little to do with wood properties.
Fiber saturation point (water content)
The water content of the wood cell wall (absorbed water) is in a saturated state, and the water content of the cell cavity without free water is called fiber saturation point or fiber saturation. Fiber saturation point varies with different tree species, generally 23% -31%, usually 30% as the average value of fiber saturation point of each tree species. The fiber saturation point of poplar wood is 23%. The change of fiber saturation point is the turning point of the change of wood properties. Above the fiber saturation point, the strength of the wood remains unchanged. Below this point, the strength of the wood increases due to the decrease in moisture content, and conversely, decreases due to the increase in moisture content until the fiber saturation point is reached. Similarly, when the moisture content of the wood is above the fiber saturation point, there is no change in the shrinkage and expansion of the wood; when the moisture content decreases below the fiber saturation point, the wood shrinks with the reduction of the moisture content, and the shrinkage reaches its maximum when it decreases to zero. Conversely, it expands with increasing moisture content until it reaches the fiber saturation point moisture content.
Moisture content of raw materials
Raw wood is just felled trees, and its moisture content refers to the moisture content of freshly felled wood. The moisture content of raw wood has a certain significance for the transportation and storage of wood. The moisture in the raw material is mainly free water and absorbing water, and its moisture content changes with the seasons, but there is no certain pattern for each tree species. Generally in winter and sap flow in Spring, it can reach 80% -100% of the whole tree weight.
Equilibrium moisture content
Wood stored in the atmosphere for a long time is called air-dried wood. When the water vapor pressure in the air is greater than the water vapor pressure on the surface of the wood, the wood absorbs water from the outside; otherwise, the water in the wood is lost. If the water vapor pressure in the air is the same as the water vapor pressure on the surface of the wood, the wood neither absorbs nor loses water. The moisture content of the wood at this time is called the equilibrium moisture content. The equilibrium moisture content of wood varies with the state of the surrounding air. If the actual moisture content of the wood is less than the equilibrium moisture content, the wood exhibits a hygroscopic effect; otherwise, the wood exhibits an evaporation effect.
Moisture movement
The movement of moisture in wood can be divided into two cases where the moisture content is below the fiber saturation point and above the fiber saturation point:
Moisture movement in wood when the moisture content is below the fiber saturation point
In this state, the wood contains no free water, and all the cell chambers are filled with air. Due to the evaporation of water on the surface of the wood, a moisture content gradient will be formed inside the wood, and a corresponding water vapor partial pressure gradient will appear. Under the effect of this gradient, water vapor starts to spread along the cell cavity and through the pores and pores in the membrane, from the inside to the outside. When the water content in the wood is lower than the fiber saturation point, in addition to the above-mentioned movement in the steam state, the water will also move along the micro-capillary system in the cell wall due to the action of the capillary. Due to the evaporation of moisture on the surface of the wood, the tension of the capillary on the surface becomes larger, the water layer becomes thinner, and the difference in tension promotes the absorption of water from the high moisture content to the low moisture content. When the moisture content is lower than the fiber saturation point, there will be a third conduction method for the movement of water in the wood, that is, the vapor state and the liquid state continuously alternate with each other, that is, formed along the microcapillary and cell cavity in the adjacent cell wall Between the large capillaries, water vapor or liquid water alternately move.
The above water movement method is suitable for all wood species. However, the relative efficiency of various water conduction pathways will vary greatly depending on tree species, density, and structural characteristics of wood, changes in moisture content, and temperature.
Moisture movement in wood when moisture content is higher than fiber saturation point
In this state, water is mainly in a liquid state in the wood cell cavity, and water vapor is also present in the cell cavity in a saturated state. Since the water vapor pressure in each part is the same, in this case, in theory, there is no water in the steam state moving inside the wood, only the liquid water due to the difference in capillary tension-free water along the cell cavity and the pores mobile. If all the cell cavities in the wood are filled with water, the movement of water from one cell cavity to another will hardly happen. When a part of the water content on the outer surface of the wood is lowered to the moisture content of the fiber saturation point due to drying, the water will move from the inside to the outside of the wood.
At first, only a few rows of cells on the surface layer of wood evaporate water outward, and the thickness of the water film in the cell cavity gradually becomes smaller, which makes the curvature of the crescent-shaped liquid surface in the capillary sharply increase, and the capillary tension difference forms between the evaporation surface and the interior of the wood. So that free water moves from the internal rows of cells to the evaporation surface. As this process continues, the evaporation surface gradually moves to the inside of the wood, which constitutes the mechanism for the diffusion and movement of the above three water conduction methods, and the wood can be gradually dried. Wood is a natural material, and there are many uncontrollable factors. To use it well, it is indeed a matter of knowledge.
A Great Addition to Outdoor Garden Decoration
The adorable solar statue is weather-proof, rust-resistant, and durable for years of quality use. With its artistic look and intricate details, the outdoor sculpture adds a delicate touch of illuminating beauty at night.
Please Note:
1. Make sure the button is set to the "ON" position and keep charging for 10 hours under the sun at the first using.
2. It may take longer time to full charge if there is no strong light or in Winter. Please do not let it covered by the leaves, flowers or trees, or it can`t absorb solar energy or will light up at daytime.
Effective Solar Panel
During the days the solar panel collects sunlight and converts it into electrical power. Automatically turn on at night or in dark environment, auto turn off at dawn.
FAQHow to know that the button is at "ON" position?
Cover the solar panel with your hand and if the light is on, then the button is at "ON" position.
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