The focus of building energy conservation in HC air-conditioning and refrigeration network should be to develop innovative technologies for building energy conservation from the fields of building and construction equipment. This includes the use of energy-efficient building materials, exterior insulation technology, high-efficiency insulation doors and windows, and heat-reflecting insulation technology in the insulation technology of building envelopes. The use of high-efficiency building insulation materials and the practice of composite walls are constantly being promoted. New high-efficiency thermal insulation materials such as rock wool, glass wool, polystyrene plastic, polyurethane foam, and polyethylene plastic are used through the wall, and composite walls are used. , reduce the heat transfer coefficient of the outer wall. In terms of door and window insulation, technical measures such as controlling window-to-wall ratio, increasing the number of window glass layers, adding insulation curtains, and using door and window seals are also gradually being promoted and applied in buildings. In the southern region and in the hot summer and cold winter regions, the roof can also be shaded and insulated. In addition, by comprehensively considering the ventilation, shading, natural lighting, etc. of the building, the building envelope structure can be optimized and integrated to achieve energy saving. For example, the double-layer curtain wall technology is ventilated in the middle with an adjustable visor. In summer, it can effectively shield and ventilate heat. In winter, it can transmit sunlight and reduce the heating load.
In the field of energy system energy-saving technologies involved in construction equipment, advanced cooling, heating systems and equipment, and control technologies have been used to actively promote the development of building energy conservation.
1. Computer simulation and intelligent control technology. Minimize operating energy consumption by optimizing energy-saving control of cooling and heating systems.
2. Heat pump application technology. The use of low-temperature low-grade thermal energy resources by the principle of heat pump, through a small amount of high-grade electric energy input, to achieve a low-grade energy transfer to high-grade energy technology, mainly air source heat pump technology and water source heat pump technology. It can supply heat and cooling to buildings, effectively reduce the energy consumption of buildings for heating and cooling, and reduce regional environmental pollution.
3. Variable air volume air conditioning technology. Variable air volume air conditioning system is an energy-saving air conditioning method. The entire air conditioning system can adjust the total air supply volume as the load changes, especially during partial load operation, which can minimize the power consumption of the fan and save energy. At the same time, the air conditioning and refrigeration unit can also be operated only according to the actual household and needs, which also reduces energy consumption and operating costs. When considering the simultaneous use of the coefficient, the total installed capacity of the air conditioning system can be reduced by about 10% to 30%.
4. Waste heat recovery technology for fresh air treatment and air conditioning systems. Fresh air loads typically account for 30% to 40% of the total building load. The amount of cooling required for the fresh air volume is about 20% less than the cooling capacity required for the fixed minimum fresh air volume. If the fresh air volume can change from the minimum fresh air volume to the new wind, it can save nearly 60% of energy consumption in spring and autumn. Through the full-heat heat exchanger, the air-conditioned room exhausts the hot air and the fresh air, and the air-conditioning system uses the cooling and dehumidification of the air-conditioning room to realize the waste heat recovery of the air-conditioning system.
5. Radiation heating energy-saving technology. Floor radiation, ceiling radiation, and vertical plate radiation are the primary means of radiant heating. It is an energy-saving heating system that regulates the thermal and microclimate of the room, avoiding the feeling of blowing and making people feel comfortable. In the case of low-grade waste heat, groundwater and other low-grade renewable cold heat sources, this method can directly use these cold heat sources, eliminating the need for conventional cold heat sources.
6, cogeneration technology. By adopting the combined heat and power production method, the centralized heat supply of waste heat is used to replace a large number of small boilers with low dust removal efficiency, which can greatly reduce the emission of atmospheric pollutants and effectively improve the environmental quality. Compared with the direct use of boiler heating, cogeneration increases energy efficiency and reduces primary energy consumption by 10% to 30%.
7. Phase change energy storage technology. The phase change energy storage technology has the advantages of high energy storage density and phase transition temperature close to a constant temperature, which can provide high heat storage and cold storage capacity, and the system is easy to control, which can effectively solve the mismatch between energy supply and demand time. problem. For example, the application of phase change energy storage technology in heating and air conditioning systems is an important way to achieve the “peak clipping†of the power grid. The application of phase change energy storage technology in the building envelope can reduce the air conditioning load of the room.
8. Solar thermal utilization technology. Solar integrated buildings are the development trend of solar energy utilization. Solar energy is used to provide buildings with domestic hot water, winter heating and summer air conditioning, while photovoltaic technology can be used to power buildings. The use of solar energy to replace or partially replace conventional energy-driven air conditioning systems is receiving increasing attention from countries around the world.
9. Building energy consumption simulation analysis technology. The technology is based on a comprehensive consideration of climatic conditions, various heat transfer methods, the orientation of the building, the performance of the wall material, the performance of the facade, the thermal inertia of the building, the heat transfer in the adjacent rooms, the requirements of the fresh air, the user's work and rest. The energy requirements of the building are evaluated based on factors such as the selection and use of various construction equipment such as heating and air conditioning. It has important significance for energy-saving optimization of building heating and air-conditioning systems, energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, and operation and management of air-conditioning systems.
In recent years, energy-efficient buildings with high-tech content have emerged in China. The famous design organization Wuhe International has proposed 18 high-tech energy-saving technologies through the tracking and research of international ecological energy-saving technologies. The most important eight technologies are: the overall layout design of the building group considers ecological energy conservation. The exterior of the building is equipped with a smart breathing curtain wall to ensure that the high-rise buildings can also be ventilated and naturally ventilated. Efficient thermal insulation glass and shade dimming device. Radiant cold heating technology for concrete floors. Active energy building infrastructure technology. Replacement fresh air system and distributed exterior wall fresh air device. Double-layer overhead ground technology system. Solar photovoltaic power generation and energy efficient storage utilization system.
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Editor in charge: Fu Shuifang
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