Humans limit calorie intake does not work like an animal, or it can be said that other changes related to calorie intake restrictions are the secret to longevity.
According to one of the largest studies on reducing calorie intake in adults, a significant reduction in calorie intake can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and make people more sensitive to insulin. However, the results of this study did not show that other calorie intake reduction studies indicate that reducing calorie intake in animals affects metabolic function associated with longevity.
In the past two years, a comprehensive assessment of the long-term effects of reducing calorie intake (CALERIE) has attempted to track 218 healthy or slightly overweight young and middle-aged healthy sex data.
Reduce the calorie by 25 percent
The study was designed to see what happens to people's resting metabolic rate and body temperature if they reduce their daily calorie intake by 25 percent. In calorie-restricted diets, laboratory animals have decreased body temperature and quiescent metabolic rate, and these changes are thought to potentially increase animal life.
But John O. Holloszy, a principal investigator at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, said that human subjects have not experienced these changes.
Holloszy said: "The subjects were losing weight when they restricted calorie intake. But we did not see humans experiencing the same changes as laboratory animals. This means that humans limit calorie intake does not work like animals, or It can be said that other changes related to calorie intake restrictions are the secret to longevity. Regardless of the benefits of these changes, we will carefully study them and find out if there are the same methods that can be obtained without strict restrictions on human calorie intake. These benefits."
It’s too hard to reduce calorie intake by 25 percent.
In the study, limiting the calorie intake of the subjects did reduce their weight, but the weight loss was not 15.5% expected by the researchers. Subjects who restricted calorie intake reduced their body weight by an average of 10% in their first year, but they maintained that weight in the second year. Although the reduced average weight did not meet the research target, it was still the largest average weight lost by non-obese people.
One of the reasons why the subject's reduced weight may not be as expected may be that most participants are unable to reduce calorie intake as expected. Initially, the plan was to reduce the calorie intake by 25 percent of the subjects studied, but participants only reduced half of the expected number and reduced their calorie intake by an average of 12 percent.
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Holloszy explained: “It is very difficult to maintain a 25 percent reduction in calorie intake. In addition, we did not see the same calorie intake in humans as we did in animals, probably because The subjects were not the first to limit calorie intake. In animal studies, we began to limit their calorie intake when animals were very young, so this was also a reason."
Blood pressure and cholesterol, etc.
Although the researchers did not see the expected results, the number of predictors of cardiovascular disease related to the subjects who reduced calorie intake decreased compared with those who did not reduce calorie intake. Blood pressure decreased by 4%, overall cholesterol content decreased by 6%, high-density cholesterol (good cholesterol) increased, and C-reactive protein (a sign of inflammation) decreased by 47%.
The group that limits calorie intake also has decreased insulin resistance, and the thyroid hormone activity marker T3 is reduced by more than 20%. Some studies have found that lower thyroid activity may be associated with longer lifespans.
Holloszy said: "As we try to decipher the mechanism that limits the calorie intake of animals to a longer life, we have determined that eating a smaller percentage of healthy food is good for all of us. But reducing the calorie by 25 percent. Ingestion is very difficult for most people."
Negative effects of less food
Reducing calorie intake does not affect people's moods. However, many participants experienced transient anemia, and some participants had even more bone loss reduction than expected, suggesting that it is important to strengthen clinical care when limiting calorie intake.
Richard J. Hodes, director of the National Institute of Aging, said: "Limiting calorie intake does not have a major impact on the pre-specified major metabolic endpoints of participants, but it mitigates multiple risk-related indicators of age-related diseases. However, Before considering dietary recommendations, we need to study the impact of more such interventions on healthy people. At the same time, we know that exercise, maintaining healthy weight and dieting can lead to healthy aging."
Other clinical sites are located at the Pennington Biomedical Research Institute at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge and Tufts University in Boston. The research focal point is located at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina.
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